{"id":1032,"date":"2018-09-19T16:25:25","date_gmt":"2018-09-19T15:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fmirobcn.org\/blog\/?p=1032"},"modified":"2024-03-14T10:16:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T09:16:06","slug":"cicatrius-i-reparacions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fmirobcn.org\/blog\/2018\/09\/19\/cicatrius-i-reparacions\/","title":{"rendered":"Cicatrius i reparacions"},"content":{"rendered":"

En un m\u00f3n que ens creiem tan globalitzat i multicultural ja conv\u00e9 que alg\u00fa recordi les cicatrius que arrosseguem. Multiculturalitat no vol dir que tothom accepti la pluralitat de cultures i \u00e9s obvi que en la vida de Kader Attia n\u2019hi ha unes quantes. El nord d\u2019\u00c0frica i Europa, tan ve\u00efns i tan a prop, han tingut topades hist\u00f2riques que han deixat cicatrius encara no reparades.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kader Attia. Humiliation<\/em>, 2018. Escultura mural in situ. Cortesia de l\u2019artista. Foto: Pere Pratdesaba \u00a9 Kader Attia, VEGAP, 2018<\/p>\n

Sota el nom de \u00abLa Espa\u00f1a de las Tres Culturas\u00bb se\u2019ns ha venut una faula que s\u2019ensorra si recordem una mica el nostre passat. Jueus, cristians i musulmans convivint en harmonia! L\u2019historiador Am\u00e9rico Castro[1]<\/a> inici\u00e0 la pol\u00e8mica sobre com es van desenvolupar les traject\u00f2ries vitals dels membres d\u2019aquests tres grups religiosos i culturals en l\u2019\u00e8poca medieval: hi va haver conviv\u00e8ncia, coexist\u00e8ncia o conveni\u00e8ncia?<\/p>\n

Les preteses bones relacions suggerides per Castro foren criticades per David Romano,[2]<\/a> que propos\u00e0 substituir el terme conviv\u00e8ncia<\/em> pel de coexist\u00e8ncia<\/em>, i ara ja est\u00e0 fora de dubte, segons Brian Catlos,[3]<\/a> que el que va funcionar en el nostre m\u00f3n medieval va ser:<\/p>\n

la din\u00e0mica d\u2019utilitat […] tant des del punt de vista dominant com des dels grups dominats. Tal com va succeir en altres situacions an\u00e0logues a Europa i fins i tot en el m\u00f3n modern, la relaci\u00f3 estava basada sobretot en la percepci\u00f3 d\u2019utilitat d\u2019uns grups envers els altres i no va ser res m\u00e9s, ni res menys, que un cas de conveni\u00e8ncia.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kader Attia. Untitled<\/em>, 2018. Cortesia de l’artista. Foto: Pere Pratdesaba \u00a9 Kader Attia, VEGAP, 2018<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 molt b\u00e9 que es parli de reparaci\u00f3<\/em>, per\u00f2 el cert \u00e9s que el m\u00f3n modern encara no l\u2019ha conclosa. \u00c9s sabut que els jueus hisp\u00e0nics foren expulsats l\u2019any 1492 i bona part foren acollits al nord d\u2019\u00c0frica, \u00e9s a dir, en terres isl\u00e0miques. M\u00e9s endavant, un real<\/em> decreto<\/em> del 20 de desembre del 1924, sancionat pel Directori militar de Primo de Rivera<\/a>, proposava que podien obtenir la nacionalitat espanyola:<\/p>\n

antiguos protegidos [sic<\/em>] espa\u00f1oles o descendientes de \u00e9stos, y en general individuos pertenecientes a familias de origen espa\u00f1ol que en alguna ocasi\u00f3n han sido inscritas en Registros espa\u00f1oles, y estos elementos hispanos, con sentimientos arraigados de amor a Espa\u00f1a, por desconocimiento de la ley y por otras causas ajenas a su voluntad de ser espa\u00f1oles, no han logrado obtener nuestra nacionalidad.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En realitat, el decret anava destinat als descendents de jueus que poguessin acreditar-ho, \u00e9s a dir, als sefardites. Si b\u00e9 nom\u00e9s se n\u2019aprofitaren uns 3.000, fou aquest marc jur\u00eddic el que durant la Segona Guerra Mundial<\/a> permet\u00e9 a algunes legacions diplom\u00e0tiques espanyoles protegir jueus d\u2019origen sefardita i salvar-ne milers de l\u2019Holocaust. Destac\u00e0 el metge i senador \u00c1ngel Pulido, <\/a>que inici\u00e0 una important labor en defensa del col\u00b7lectiu sefardita, amb el suport tamb\u00e9 d\u2019intel\u00b7lectuals com P\u00e9rez Gald\u00f3s<\/a>, Unamuno<\/a> o Men\u00e9ndez Pelayo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 qu\u00e8 se n\u2019ha fet, del romanent dels musulmans hispans?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kader Attia. Intifada: The Endless Rhizomes of Revolution<\/em>, 2016. Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3. Escultures met\u00e0l\u00b7liques, goma, pedres, diaris, fotoc\u00f2pies. Cortesia de l\u2019artista, Galerie Krinzinger i Galerie Nagel Draxler Berlin\/Cologne. Foto: Pere Pratdesaba \u00a9 Kader Attia, VEGAP, 2018<\/p>\n

L\u2019any 2006, el president de la Junta Isl\u00e1mica \u2014d\u2019\u00e0mbit estatal\u2014, amb el suport d\u2019Izquierda Unida i del Partido Andalucista, deman\u00e0 al Parlament andal\u00fas que inst\u00e9s l\u2019Estat espanyol a concedir la nacionalitat espanyola als descendents dels moriscos, \u00e9s a dir, dels musulmans hisp\u00e0nics que havien estat batejats per for\u00e7a a la primera meitat del segle xvi i que tamb\u00e9 van sofrir desterrament entre el 1609 i el 1614. N\u2019hi havia, i n\u2019hi ha, a diversos pa\u00efsos nord-africans, com el Marroc, Alg\u00e8ria, Tun\u00edsia, L\u00edbia, Maurit\u00e0nia i Mali, i a antigues terres otomanes, com Sal\u00f2nica o Istanbul. Hi ha fam\u00edlies magrebines que guarden el record del seu passat, i nom\u00e9s cal veure, per exemple, la pla\u00e7a major de Tozeur, a Tun\u00edsia, on els edificis de ma\u00f3 vist i un inusual rellotge al minaret de la mesquita s\u00f3n una clara r\u00e8plica de la pla\u00e7a de qualsevol poble aragon\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Amb aquesta iniciativa es pretenia reparar l\u2019oblit hist\u00f2ric patit pels moriscos, tot recordant que se\u2019ls havia d\u2019equiparar amb els jueus. La mesura hauria pogut prosperar modificant l\u2019article del Codi Civil en qu\u00e8 ja es reconeix el dret preferent als sefardites, ampliant-lo als descendents dels moriscos, tamb\u00e9 hispans.<\/p>\n

Les cicatrius no s\u2019esborren sense una reparaci\u00f3 igualit\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n

Edici\u00f3:<\/strong> Bernat Pujadas<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Espa\u00f1a en su historia. Cristianos, moros y jud\u00edos. <\/em>Barcelona: Grijalbo, 1948.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u00abCoesistenza\/convivenza tra ebrei e cristiani ispanici\u00bb. Sefarad<\/em> (Madrid-Granada), 1995, n\u00fam. 55, p. 359-382.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u00abCristians, musulmans i jueus a la corona d\u2019Arag\u00f3. Un cas de conveni\u00e8ncia\u00bb. L\u2019Aven\u00e7<\/em> (Barcelona), 2001, n\u00fam. 263, p. 8-16.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En un m\u00f3n que ens creiem tan globalitzat i multicultural ja conv\u00e9 que alg\u00fa recordi les cicatrius que arrosseguem. Multiculturalitat no vol dir que tothom accepti la pluralitat de cultures i \u00e9s obvi que en la vida de Kader Attia n\u2019hi ha unes quantes. El nord d\u2019\u00c0frica i Europa, tan ve\u00efns i tan a prop, … Continua llegint Cicatrius i reparacions<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":1040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,92,9],"tags":[307,306,308],"class_list":["post-1032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-continguts-expandits","category-exposicions","category-veu-lliure","tag-cicatrius","tag-kader-attia","tag-reparacio"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCicatrius i reparacions - Blog Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fmirobcn.org\/blog\/2018\/09\/19\/cicatrius-i-reparacions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cicatrius i reparacions - Blog Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En un m\u00f3n que ens creiem tan globalitzat i multicultural ja conv\u00e9 que alg\u00fa recordi les cicatrius que arrosseguem. 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